PRP Platelet
Rich Plasma
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The human aging process is complex. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can be used for skin regeneration and rejuvenation. With the aging process, the epidermal layer changes less than the dermis where the number of cells and their reproductive activity slows down. Consecutively, the levels of collagen, hyaluronic acid, and glycosaminoglycans decrease. Collagen accounts for as much as approximately 70% of the skin’s dry weight and plays a pivotal role in maintaining the skin’s structure. Collagen which exists in the following subtypes: Type I and Type III collagen are present in the highest amounts, Type IV collagen, which is the main component of the lamina densa, Type VII collagen which is present at the dermal–epidermal interface, and Type V collagen which is found peri cellularly.
Collagen changes in a prominent way during the aging process: in morphology, in its amount, and in its fibre arrangement, which becomes cross-linked, fragmented, and curled. Clinically speaking, aging skin loses its firmness, elasticity, glow, and tone: it tends to sag, thins, becomes more wrinkled, dull and less glowy, and becomes less hydrated.
PRP may be defined as a preparation of plasma, generated by centrifugation, having a platelet concentration above the normal for venous blood. PRP not only contains platelets but also many other ingredients such as growth factors, chemokines, cytokines and other components (glucose, mineral ions, proteins such as cell adhesion molecules including fibrin, fibronectin, and vitronectin, and albumin). The activated thrombocytes, once injected, then release those factors.
Overall, PRP is a complex process that results in attraction of mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells, differentiation of fibroblasts and osteoblasts, upregulation other growth factors on cells such as macrophages, synthesis of the extracellular matrix and collagen, promotion of cell mitosis, stimulation of DNA synthesis and of angiogenesis, etc. Since PRP is an autologous material, it is inherently safe and free of transmissible diseases such as HIV and hepatitis and it is not carcinogenic. PRP is autologous, non-immunogenic, non-infectious, and is a readily available source of bioagents. Platelet preparations are convenient, and the harvesting process has been greatly simplified in recent years.
